instantaneous voltage การใช้

• Since S1 is a short while closed, and the instantaneous voltage " V"
• When talking about alternating current ( AC ) there is a difference between instantaneous voltage and average voltage.
• :When only an AC signal is present, the instantaneous voltage oscillates either side of zero volts.
• Such SMPSs draw current from the AC line in short pulses when the mains instantaneous voltage exceeds the voltage across this capacitor.
• Electricity meters operate by continuously measuring the instantaneous voltage ( volts ) and current ( amperes ) to give energy used ( in joules, kilowatt-hours etc . ).
• In a battery system, for example, accurate calculation of the energy delivered requires integration of the power delivered ( product of instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current ) over the discharge interval.
• Instantaneous voltages can be added for direct current ( DC ) and AC, but average voltages can be meaningfully added only when they apply to signals that all have the same frequency and phase.
• Where both the equilibrium value " m " eq and the relaxation time constant ? " m " depend on the instantaneous voltage " V " across the membrane.
• Generally, the air pressure variations are first converted ( by a transducer such as a microphone ) into an electrical analog signal in which either the instantaneous voltage or current is directly proportional to the instantaneous air pressure ( or is a function of the pressure ).
• That is, current will flow for an out-of-phase system, however real power at certain times will not be transferred, because there will be points during which instantaneous current is positive while instantaneous voltage is negative, or vice versa, implying negative power transfer.